Dsf file format specification

Converter software defines sound quality. With one time offline conversion of DSF audio file before playback, we can save electric energy, that consumed for "heavy" conversion processing during each playback seance. It is not offer or advertising. We are not affiliated with listed products. We guarantee nothing. Usually, offline conversion is not restricted by real-time CPU performance and can use "heavy" precise algorithms.

Audio players may have issues of DSF format compatibility: supported channel number, metadata artwork size or other. If an audio player supports stereo files only or you want to save disk space at a portable digital audio player listen to stereo headphones , it is possible to convert multichannel DSF 5.

To the author's knowledge, there is no information patents, publications , what DSF file may be edited "natively" straight in 1-bit format without conversion to PCM format and back to DSF. It is lossy transformation. But, professional editing software have loses comparable with resampling. There is ringing audio matter. However, the author still don't know about exact researches of the ringing impact to ear perception.

Also, read how to edit DSF file's sound content here DFF consists of blocks. It allow to insert block with metadata. However, DFF software should recognize metadata block. So checking of every converting tool is recommended. As example, dsf vs flac or other. However, not all so simple.

Sound file is pure mathematical implementation of theoretical model of sigma delta modulation. As final criteria here quantization noise level QNL is considered. The level depend on frequency. Hardware implementation distorted the mathematical model by non-linearity of real electronic components, their frequency characteristics, electrical hum, electromagnetic interference.

Software implementations have different resampling, modulation and demodulation algorithms, that can cause different features and sound. DSD bit depth may have any positive integer value theoretically. Bit depth and sample rate may be considered in complex only.

Flightplan files - v The new v The lights. Navdata in X-Plane 11 and This document describes the file format and codes used in X-Plane's astro.

Explains how to create a text-based configuration file that customizes VR interactions for your aircraft. Autogen String. Describes X-Plane's autogen string. Describes X-Plane's autogen block. Each vector segment may be a straight line or bezier curve.

The vector definition files describe the appearance of vectors, both on their own and when they connect at junctions. The index zero is reserved. These junction numbers allow X-Plane or another reader to rapidly reconstruct the network topology of the vector structures, and clearly define when two vector chains intersect. X-Plane 10 allows for raster layers to be directly encoded into a DSF. Each raster layer has a name in the definition atoms, and meta data defining its pixel format and dimensions.

How the raster data is interpreted is defined by X-Plane. Building Block Definition files are text files. The individual definition files can be extended to allow for more powerful representation of the various building block types.

The terrain mesh can be extended to have additional per-vertex information, which can then be used by terrain type definition files. For example, in the default DSF scenery, some vertices have a ratio of plant coverage on each vertex, and this is used to blend textures. The outer level of DSF files is chunky also sometimes called atomic , meaning each section of the file has a uniform header describing the ID of the file section and the length. This allows programs to find the data they require without parsing unknown or unimportant parts of the file.

Where possible, standard encodings are used for the various atoms in a DSF file, reducing the amount of code needed to parse or write the file. The 2-d, 3-d, and other coordinates in the file are stored in point pools.

A point pool is a collection of N-dimensional points that are scaled and offset in a uniform matter.

Point pools are always stored as fixed point fractions that are interpreted over a range that is specified once for each data plane in the point pool. In most cases there are special versions of the primitive commands that allow a primitive to be built along consecutive points in a pool. Point pools should be constructed to keep primitive vertices in order when vertices are used only for one primitive. The definitions for primitives are stored in tables; their order defines index numbers used to reference them.

The tables store the file name for the text file defining the primitive. Other atom IDs can be used for private data. The command section consists of a series of command opcodes, each of which instructs X-Plane to add a primitive to the current scenery, or change internal state during the DSF file parsing.

The various state maintained while parsing a DSF file is reset at the beginning of the DSF file and maintained continuously through all commands; this state serves primarily as a technique to compress similar data. State must be specified before utilized in a DSF file. Each building block in a DSF file is instantiated using a definition; the current definition is maintained state that indicates what definition the next command will used. The set definition commands change this state.

One current definition index number is maintained for all primitives. This means that if an object index 0 follows a mesh of terrain type 0, no set definition is needed. Before a coordinate from a pool can be used, the pool must be selected.

Selecting the pool decides which of multiple geometry pools will be used. Only one pool can be selected at a time.

Unlike other primitives, vector networks use a bit point pool. A bit point pool is precise enough to allow all data to be encoded in one pool.

Since this pool might contain more than points, a junction offset is maintained and added to indices for most junction commands. Note: this feature exists primarily for historical reasons. Each terrain patch has some properties associated with it; these properties are considered state. When a new patch is created, if these properties are not changed, the new patch has the same properties as the old one.

Point pools may have any number of data planes; the interpretation of those planes depends on the building block. All pools start with longitude and latitude and have at least two planes. Extra planes are ignored and allowed for future expansion. Having too few planes is an error.

Point primitives require at least three planes: a longitude, a latitude, and a rotation. The rotation is performed around the gravity vector, a vector pointing straight down toward the center of the earth.

The object sits on the surface defined by the mesh. If the terrain is sloped, the object may end up partially under ground; negative object Y coordinates allow for underground geometry.

A polygon primitive defines a polygonal path or set of paths. When a polygon primitive actually contains nested polygons to form holes , each polygon is known as a winding.

A few restrictions on polygons and windings:. The building blocks of the network are junctions and chains. Two chains form a junction if their end nodes have the same unique bit ID. Only junction ID is used as a test to see if two chains meet at a junction.

In the point pool for vectors, the 4th data plane after longitude, latitude and elevation is used for junction IDs. Zero is used to indicate that the point is a shape point and not a junction. There may be a complete chain whose geometry indices are not within of each other; in this case a special segment command is provided that allows for arbitrary bit indices to be specified. Unlike other definition files, a single vector definition file contains multiple subtypes also referenced by index.

This allows a single definition file to provide specialized images for the crossing of vector subtypes that are both from the same definition file. The scenery mesh is divided into patches. A patch is simply a collection of nearby triangles that have all of their attributes in common. Those attributes are:. A patch can either be textured by providing per-vertex texture coordinates or by using a projection equation. The projection equation is used for the texture but not necessarily the mask.

The precise requirements and interpretation of planar geo data for a mesh patch are a function of both the mesh state for that patch and the terrain definition file itself. TER terrain type file format specification. Starting with X-Plane 8. The value associated with these properties is a string containing two numbers separated by a slash. The first number is the X-Plane rendering level at which to require the object, and the second the index number of the first object or facade definition to be affected.

The property may be included multiple times. For example:. In this example, all objects whose definition index is 70 or higher must be drawn when the object detail setting is 4 or higher. All objects with an index of 74 or higher must be drawn if the object detail setting is 2 or higher. Note that the union of all rules is taken: so even though object definition index 75 is covered by both rules, the lower setting of 2 applies—these objects will be visible at rendering settings of 2 or lower.

DFS files are binary little-endian files. Floating point numbers are stored in IEEE bit or bit format. A DFS file is atomic, which is also sometimes called chunky. This 8-byte unique cookie is followed by a bit integer master file format version. The current version number is 1. Following the byte header is a variable number of atoms. Each atom consists of a bit atom ID followed by a bit unsigned byte count for the size of the atom, including this 8-byte header.

Atom IDs may be repeated, so the order of the atoms within the file may be significant. The DSF file may also place requirements on the order of the atoms within the files. Endian Note: since atom IDs are bit integers and not arrays of 4 characters , they are subject to endian-swapping. The atom section is variably sized.

The atom section ends bytes before the end of the file and can be thought to be the entire file with the header and footer removed. The format of the contents of an atom depend on the ID of the atom; different atoms may have different formats.

Atoms may contain subatoms; usually the entire contents of the atom will be atoms in this case, but this is dependent on the details of the specific atoms in question. The footer of a DSF file is a bit MD5 signature of the previous contents not including this signature. This forms a unique ID for this file that allows clients to detect revisions in content. Where possible, the same format is used for atoms that contain similar data; this is to reduce the amount of code necessary to read or write DSF files.

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